This qualitative study is an attempt to develop our knowledge on using the back-channels in English conversations as a secondlanguage obtaining English language textbooks for Iranian school students through the old and new educational system. The textbook ofsecond guidance school grade has been compared with seventh juniorhigh school grade (as the frst group), and the textbook...

A novel method is described for robot gestures and utterances during a dialogue based on the listener’s understanding and interest, which are recognized from back-channels and head gestures. “Back-channels” are defined as sounds like ‘uhhuh’ uttered by a listener during a dialogue, and “head gestures” are defined as nod and tilt motions of the listener’s head. The back-channels are recognized u...

We report on the transport and low-frequency noise measurements of MoS2 thin-film transistors (TFTs) with thin (2–3 atomic layers) and thick (15–18 atomic layers) channels. The back-gated transistors made with the relatively thick MoS2 channels have advantages of the higher electron mobility and lower noise level. The normalized noise spectral density of the low-frequency 1/ f noise in thick Mo...

major proportion of intracellular calcium (ca 2+ ) is achieved through opening of calcium channels present in the plasma membrane which play an important role in regulating neuromuscular coordination and release of neurotransmitters from nerve terminals. blockade of these calcium channels adversely affect contractile process and release of neurotransmitters in majority of the neuromuscular prep...

This paper addresses the problem of equalization space-time codes with transmit diversity. We derive a symbol-by-symbol MAP equalizer/decoder for space-time coded signals over frequency selective channels. We describe a turbo equalization/decoding scheme where the results of the decoding are fed back to the equalizer. Simulation results show an improved equalizer performance due to the feedback.

Prediction and cancelation of redundant information is an important feature that many neural systems must display in order to efficiently code external signals. We develop an analytic framework for such cancelation in sensory neurons produced by a cerebellar-like structure in wave-type electric fish. Our biologically plausible mechanism is motivated by experimental evidence of cancelation of pe...

Cyclically extended OFDM based WLAN systems have the capability to easily counteract frequency selective fading channels by one-tap equalizers in the frequency domain. Conversely, the sensitivity to nonlinear distortions, mainly introduced by power amplifiers, is one of the drawbacks of this modulation technique. Usually, the optimum Output power Back Off (OBO) is the one that minimizes the Tot...